Love or respect a person or thing greatly Essay Example Essay Example

Love or respect a person or thing greatly Essay Example Paper Love or respect a person or thing greatly Essay Introduction This is what The New Oxford Dictionary says about worship. This being the definition and meaning that anybody can give praise, respect, or love to anything for instance my sister worships chocolate she shows this by eating gallons and gallons of it! I worship the Leicester Tigers Rugby Football club and show it by losing my voice from shouting at matches! However worship can involve kneeling, praying, and attending services. Worship can take place anywhere, home’s churches, sport stadiums, mosques and others.For a Muslim worship to them means adoration and giving thanks, praise and respect through prayer and that this is the way to communicate with God.In mosques it is a tradition to have a number of features and furnishings. The most noticeable feature of a mosque is:The DomeThis is usually over the roof of the mosque and gives you the feeling of calm when you enter. It reminds them of their origins in the Middle East, as they are common there. It amplifies the voice of the I mam during the Friday prayer when Muslims go to the mosque to pray.The MinaretThe minaret is a tall tower from which a muezzin calls the religious to prayer. Throughout the day the muezzin will go and call from the minaret five times. This reminds people to pray as this is one of the five pillars of Islam known as salah and shows a Muslim submission to Allah.The five pointed star and moonThe five-pointed star reminds Muslims of the five pillars, Shahadah, Salah, Zakah, Saum, and Hajj. The moon represents God, the creator this being one of the 99 names of Allah and of the lunar calendar.Wudu facilitiesMen and women have separate facilities wudu is for washing in, as on entering a mosque you should be presented as clean an smart. Wudu is so that the worshipper and the house of God is keptphysically and spiritually clean. At all mosques there is running water and taps for this ritual to be taken place.Before entering the Mosque, a Muslim performs a ritual washing in the courtyardPrayer hallThis is the most important part of the mosque. It is carpeted for prayer, as there are no seats and everyone stands facing Mecca, the Holy City of Islam. In the prayer hall all are equal in the eyes of God. The empty space resembles Gods vastness. There is nothing in the prayer hall that will put people off from thinking and talking to Allah.Qibla wallThis wall facing Mecca tells Muslims which Direction Mecca is. All Muslims worldwide are united in facing Mecca at times of Prayer which is where Muhammad (pbuh) the messenger and prophet of Allah. Mecca is also the Destination of Hajj one of the five pillars that all Muslims have to make the Journey to at least once in their life.The Kaaba in MeccaMihrabThis is in the Qibla wall and indicates the exact direction Of Mecca and the Kaaba. The prayer leader (Imam) stands in front of this and leads the prayer.The Mihrab (prayer niche) and the Minbar (pulpit) in the Amr Mosque in Cairo are focal points of public worship.MinbarThis is t he pulpit where the Imam stands and gives the sermons and reads from the Qu’ran to the congregation. This represents when Muhammad made himself a platform to stand upon and reminds Muslims of this and carries on the tradition.Woman’s galleryWomen do not have to attend mosque due to family responsibilities but, however if they do chose to go there is a separate room or balcony for them to worship in so as, not to distract men and vice versa so their minds are not disturbed by sexual thoughts. It is also done so that modesty is kept, and that neither sex is displaced from prayer. It is respectful to the women to allow them to pray separately.CalligraphyCalligraphy simply translates into ‘beautiful writing’ and is used as decoration in the mosque with words of the Qu’ran written on the walls. The Islamic art of calligraphy is a way of reminding Muslims of the Qu’ran and Hadith. It is written all over the mosque to remind Muslims that Allah is ev erywhere. Calligraphy is the only decoration in the place of worship as images of humans and animals may lead to idol worship.The Qu’ranThis is the Muslim Holy Book. Muslims believe that this is the word of God, Allah, the same as how the prophet Muhammad received it. The Holy book is a way of life and a guide to living. The Qu’ran is the highest book in the mosque as it is seen as the most important. Whilst being read you must not talk or make a noise as this is a sign of respect. It should be handled with much care and should be protected greatly.The Six ClocksThese are important as they represent the times of prayer; five of the clocks show the times of the daily prayers, or Salah. The sixth one shows the time of the Friday prayer. This Friday prayer unites Muslims and is a time of support, encouragement and a sense of togetherness. These clocks show the importance of prayer to Muslims.B.When Muslims say they worship something they usually mean they give praise, tha nks, and giving respect through prayer to God. Prayer is one of the five pillars of Islam. Muslims pray to praise and glorify God, as Muslims owe everything to him. To Muslims prayer is sacred, as it is a time for worshippers to come into contact with God and be brought closer to him.On entering the mosque Muslims carry out a ritual called Wudu before worship and prayer and worship which can be seen as an act of worship this symbolises the ritual cleansing with water to purify the body and soul. Wudu needs running water and taps so there are wash facilities at mosques.These are the actions made by a Muslim as told to by the Qu’ranWash your hands to the wrists three times, rinse your mouth three times with your right hand; wash nostrils three times, wash your entire face three times, and wipe head once with fingers, wash ears by putting two fingers into the ears and wiping back with thumbs. Then with the backs of both hands wipe the neck once and finally wash the right foot th en the left up to the ankle three times.Washing each part means a different thing. While washing the hands and mouth they pray to God that they could be forgiven from sin they may have committed using there hands or mouths. When washing the nostrils the person needs to pray that they are pure enough to be able to smell the sweet scent of heaven. The washing of the face is to be prayed by asking God to remove the darkness of sin. The person must pray to God to give them the Book of Deeds whilst washing the right arm, and whilst washing the left arm the person must pray that God will not place it there. When wiping the head the person must ask to cover his with Gods mercy. When washing the ears the person should pray to God that they should not hear bad things. As wiping the back of the neck the person should ask that God does not throw ‘The Throne of His Curse’ on them. When washing the feet the Muslim must pray that they are guided in a straight line and not led astray. For this reason, Wudu is an act of worship in itself. All actions are repeated three times to maintain a tradition started by Muhammad.Salah is the prayer that is compulsory five times a day. It is a religious obligation performed by Muslims. Yet it doesn’t always have to take place in a mosque. However it is compulsory on a Friday, as said by the Qu’ran. Prayer five times a day is one of the five pillars.The daily prayer times relate to the place of the sun in the sky,Morning Prayer Between dawn and sunriseMidday Prayer Between midday and halfway between midday and sunsetAfternoon Prayer Between midday prayer and sunsetEvening Prayer After sunset until darkness covers the twilightNight Prayer Between evening prayer and dawnEach prayer only needs to take a couple of minutes. Muhammad used to do this and since then Muslims have fixed the times of prayer on this. During these prayers everything else is set aside and Muslims concentrate on Allah, praising, thanking for hi s forgiveness and alike. Prayer helps Muslims get closer to God, bring peace and tranquillity and reminds people of Allah.Du’a is a private and/or personal prayer not including Salah. This is performed kneeling with your hands facing up. These prayers maybe for thanks, a plea for help and more but are generally are personal. These prayers are for any length an of anytime. Many Muslims keep a part of the house clean so they are able to worship there.Many Muslims prayer before there sleep and pray as soon as they wake up as to be their first and last thought of each day. The best known prayer for Muslims is for personal strength and faith.Every Friday all adult male Muslims are expected to go to leave any other activities that are not associated with the mosque. Muslim men converge together for the Midday Prayer. In Muslim dominated Countries shops an businesses close during the Midday Hour on Fridays this is where the Imam will read from the Qu’ran where all Muslims fac e the Qibla wall and after all Muslims pray separately before returning to work. Meeting at the mosque is indicating brotherhood. Everyone stands close together showing everyone is equal at the time of prayer. It gives Muslim reassurance to face the next week knowing that there are others like them, who are following the same path. The Qu’ran dictates that Friday prayers are held so Muslims are obeying Gods word.Worship is a pillar from the five of Islam and to discontinue will destroy the pillar.Muslims pray to bring themselves closer to God, to tell him things that you don’t want others to know and to concentrate on just Allah. Praying brings peace and tranquillity, courage, hope and confidence. Prayer marks Muslims who have faith. Praying, for Muslims, is the most sacred part of life as it is when they come into contact with God.In the Qu’ran it is said to pray as it is what Muhammad (pbuh) did. Prayer demands performance and regulation, as it can often be in convenient to perform.C.Religious Buildings come between Muslims and God.Muslims believe that a place of worship should be free of statues and figures as it is possible that when the place of worship is over ornate, it can sometimes lead you away and distract you from God as you may be looking at the pictures and idols and not worshipping for the right reasons. Only calligraphy is allowed, as that will focus The Muslims attention on Allah’s teachings. Yet it could be argued that the building itself can distract you and to have pictures and figures in the place of worship will help keep you on track and your mind focused on what you are doing and the reasons for it and that if your mind does drift that seeing all the pictures will bring you back to the original thoughts.On the Fridays it is compulsory for the male to attend mosque and the Friday prayer as the Qu’ran says it. This gives the Muslims a chance to meet and worship together and share experiences and get all t he help and benefit from it they need. However, it could be said that that money spent on buildings and maintenance on the mosque could be used in a better way like towards the poor or hungry in less developed countries instead of on the mosque, Allah would have preferred it this way.The mosque isn’t actually needed some may say purely because Allah is everywhere so why waste money on buildings and features that are not strictly needed? Muslims however say that a mosque provides a place of focus on God and anything performed there does have a reason like for example Wudu, Arabic lessons Qu’ran teachings for children it is also a place for Muslims to meet, talk and to know one another.A mosque is a place from distraction in the outside world, and also keeps the mind focused on the teachings of Allah. Yet wouldn’t it show more commitment if a Muslim did worship at home? Love or respect a person or thing greatly Essay Thank you for reading this Sample!

Picking the Right Security Certification

Picking the Right Security Certification As the world gets more connected, it also gets less safe. And as more and more information is exchanged via email and websites, and more folks buy stuff online, more data and money is at risk than ever before. That’s why those with technical certifications in security are becoming more and more in demand. But there is a lot to choose from; which one might be right for you? We’ll give an overview of the most popular, and in-demand, security certifications you can get. For this article, we’re going to look at vendor-neutral certifications, which means specialized credentials from security companies like CheckPoint, RSA, and Cisco won’t be included. These certifications teach general security principals  and will have the widest range of usability. CISSP The CISSP, from the International Information Systems Security Certification Consortium, known as (ISC)2, is generally considered the hardest security title to get, and the most well-regarded as well. How hard is it? You’re not even eligible unless you have five years of security-specific experience. It also requires an endorsement by someone who can attest to your experience and qualifications. Even if you pass the exam, you may still be audited. That means (ISC)2 can investigate and make sure you have the experience you claim to have. And after that, you need to recertify every three years. Is it worth it? Most CISSPs would tell you yes  because the CISSP certification is the name hiring managers and others know. It verifies your expertise. As security expert Donald C. Donzal of The Ethical Hacker Network says, many consider the CISSP â€Å"the gold standard of security credentials.† SSCP The baby brother of the CISSP is the Systems Security Certified Practitioner (SSCP), also by (ISC)2. Like the CISSP, it requires passing an exam, and has the same rigorous checks in place, like needing an endorsement and the possibility of being audited. The main difference is your knowledge base is expected to be smaller, and you only need one year of security experience. The test is much easier, as well. Still, the SSCP is a solid first step into your security career  and is backed by (ISC)2. GIAC The other major vendor-neutral certification organization is the SANS Institute, which oversees the Global Information Assurance Certification (GIAC) program. GIAC is SANS’ certification arm. The GIAC has multiple levels. The first is the Silver certification, which requires passing a single exam. It has no real-world component, making it of dubious value in the eyes of potential employers. All you really need to do is be able to memorize the material. Above that is Gold certification. This requires writing a technical paper in your area of expertise in addition to passing a test. This adds significantly to the value; the paper will demonstrate an individual’s knowledge of a subject; you can’t fake your way through a technical paper. Finally, the Platinum certification is at the top of the heap. It requires a proctored, two-day lab practical after achieving Gold certification. It’s given only at certain times of year  during a SANS conference. This could be a stumbling block to some certification-seekers, who may not have the time or money to fly to another city to take a lab test over a weekend. If, however, you make it through that process, you’ve proven your skills as a security expert. Although not as well known as the CISSP, a GIAC Platinum credential is certainly impressive. Certified Information Security Manager (CISM) CISM is administered by the Information Systems Audit and Control Association (ISACA). ISACA is more well known for its CISA certification for IT auditors, but CISM is making a name for itself as well. The CISM has the same experience requirement as the CISSP – five years of security work. Also, like the CISSP, one test must be passed. A difference between the two is that you need to do some continuing education every year. The CISM appears to be as rigorous as the CISSP, and some security pros think it is actually more difficult to get. The reality, though, is that it is still not as well known as the CISSP. That should be expected, however, given that it didn’t exist until 2003. CompTIA Security+ On the lower end of security certifications, CompTIA offers the Security exam. It consists of one 90-minute exam with 100 questions. There is no experience requirement, although CompTIA recommends two or more years of security experience. Security should be considered entry-level only. With no required experience component and a simple, short test, its value is limited. It might open a door for you, but only a crack.

A Rose for Emily Analysis

2) What does the title of the story suggest about the townspeople’s feelings toward Miss Emily? Why do they feel this way about her? (Or: What does she represent to them? ) Is there anything ironic about their feelings? The title of the story suggests that the townspeople have some sort of caring feeling towards her, since a rose is usually a symbol of care or love. They feel some sort of respect to her and her family, since they are the last remnant of the traditional south and the only ones who embrace it the most. The townspeople actually have a pity for her, because after her father died, the association of her being higher class lowered. Then, it was lowered the most when she started to spend time with Homer Barron because he was from the North and a day laborer, and thought Miss Emily should have been with someone of higher status, as she was brought up. 3) Describe and discuss the symbolism of Miss Emily’s house. The dust all over the interior of Miss Emily’s house symbolizes the traditional south which Miss Emily continues to embrace mentally through her actions and visually through the looks of her house. The traditional south ways are being abandoned, but Emily refuses to go along. The traditional south ways are old, and Emily wants to stay attached to them, so they linger throughout her home in the visual form of old dust. The portrait of her father symbolizes also that Emily does not want to adjust to the new times. He lived his life in the traditional times, and she did not want to believe that he was dead. The portrait symbolizes his everlasting presence in Emily’s life, even after his death. 4) What is the role of the â€Å"smell† incident in the story. What other problems has Miss Emily caused the local authorities? The role of the smell incident gives suspicion as to what it is in Miss Emily’s house that is causing it. It gives suspicion that it is something like a dead body, because only such things like a dead body can have such a permeating odor able to reach outside. Miss Emily also has not paid the taxes and thinks she is still entitled to the tax waiver that Colonel Sartoris gave to her, even though he is dead. 5) How do the townspeople know what they know about Miss Emily’s life? What is the source of their information? The townspeople know what they do about her house from when the Aldermen visited the inside of her house. They were the ones who saw how dusty and creepy it was inside of the Grierson house. They also get the minister’s wife to get in contact with her relatives, who then come and visit. They also know most of the information they know by simply keeping track of her and seeing her do the things she does, such as buy the poison, and buy the wedding gifts. They all find out by gossiping and sharing the things they see, especially the older women. 6) Consider the mixed quality of the townspeople’s reactions to Miss Emily’s â€Å"failures†. 7) What is the significance of Miss Emily’s actions after the death of her father? Miss Emily tried to keep the body of her father with her in her house. This signifies that she did not want to accept the fact that he was dead. She was lonely, and did not want him to go too, like her lover that had recently left her. He was part of the last of the Grierson family and had shaped her whole life, so she did not want to let him go. 8) What role does Homer Barron play in the story? Is there anything ironic about a match between him and Miss Emily? Homer Barron plays the newcomer to town who Miss Emily succeeds with in her ruesome plans for him. The irony in their relationship is that they are from different regions, which did not have a good relationship back then, because of the Civil War. Homer was from the North, and represented the new innovation of the coming future. Miss Emily has remained in the South all her life and wishes to stay practicing her values and not adjust to changes in life. It is also ironic that after all of the upbringing from her father sending away men who were not â€Å"high enough in class† for her, that she would choose Homer as her partner. Her father would have never approved of him. 9) Look closely at the second paragraph in section five. What does this paragraph suggest about the nature of the people’s memories of the past? 10) What is the horrible revelation about Miss Emily that the story ends with? How is this related to the overall meaning of the story? The horrible revelation about Miss Emily is that she actually used the rat poison to kill Homer, and even more grotesque, she kept his body frozen in time so that he could stay with her forever. We also find a gray hair from Miss Emily, which means that she laid down next to the body in the bed for her own satisfaction. This is related to the overall meaning of the story because it shows how Miss Emily was determined to live life and have things the way she wanted them, and she didn’t care that the times were changing or that her actions were socially unacceptable. She lived the rest of her life devoted to the traditional ways of the south, and did not want to accept any changes. A Rose for Emily Analysis 2) What does the title of the story suggest about the townspeople’s feelings toward Miss Emily? Why do they feel this way about her? (Or: What does she represent to them? ) Is there anything ironic about their feelings? The title of the story suggests that the townspeople have some sort of caring feeling towards her, since a rose is usually a symbol of care or love. They feel some sort of respect to her and her family, since they are the last remnant of the traditional south and the only ones who embrace it the most. The townspeople actually have a pity for her, because after her father died, the association of her being higher class lowered. Then, it was lowered the most when she started to spend time with Homer Barron because he was from the North and a day laborer, and thought Miss Emily should have been with someone of higher status, as she was brought up. 3) Describe and discuss the symbolism of Miss Emily’s house. The dust all over the interior of Miss Emily’s house symbolizes the traditional south which Miss Emily continues to embrace mentally through her actions and visually through the looks of her house. The traditional south ways are being abandoned, but Emily refuses to go along. The traditional south ways are old, and Emily wants to stay attached to them, so they linger throughout her home in the visual form of old dust. The portrait of her father symbolizes also that Emily does not want to adjust to the new times. He lived his life in the traditional times, and she did not want to believe that he was dead. The portrait symbolizes his everlasting presence in Emily’s life, even after his death. 4) What is the role of the â€Å"smell† incident in the story. What other problems has Miss Emily caused the local authorities? The role of the smell incident gives suspicion as to what it is in Miss Emily’s house that is causing it. It gives suspicion that it is something like a dead body, because only such things like a dead body can have such a permeating odor able to reach outside. Miss Emily also has not paid the taxes and thinks she is still entitled to the tax waiver that Colonel Sartoris gave to her, even though he is dead. 5) How do the townspeople know what they know about Miss Emily’s life? What is the source of their information? The townspeople know what they do about her house from when the Aldermen visited the inside of her house. They were the ones who saw how dusty and creepy it was inside of the Grierson house. They also get the minister’s wife to get in contact with her relatives, who then come and visit. They also know most of the information they know by simply keeping track of her and seeing her do the things she does, such as buy the poison, and buy the wedding gifts. They all find out by gossiping and sharing the things they see, especially the older women. 6) Consider the mixed quality of the townspeople’s reactions to Miss Emily’s â€Å"failures†. 7) What is the significance of Miss Emily’s actions after the death of her father? Miss Emily tried to keep the body of her father with her in her house. This signifies that she did not want to accept the fact that he was dead. She was lonely, and did not want him to go too, like her lover that had recently left her. He was part of the last of the Grierson family and had shaped her whole life, so she did not want to let him go. 8) What role does Homer Barron play in the story? Is there anything ironic about a match between him and Miss Emily? Homer Barron plays the newcomer to town who Miss Emily succeeds with in her ruesome plans for him. The irony in their relationship is that they are from different regions, which did not have a good relationship back then, because of the Civil War. Homer was from the North, and represented the new innovation of the coming future. Miss Emily has remained in the South all her life and wishes to stay practicing her values and not adjust to changes in life. It is also ironic that after all of the upbringing from her father sending away men who were not â€Å"high enough in class† for her, that she would choose Homer as her partner. Her father would have never approved of him. 9) Look closely at the second paragraph in section five. What does this paragraph suggest about the nature of the people’s memories of the past? 10) What is the horrible revelation about Miss Emily that the story ends with? How is this related to the overall meaning of the story? The horrible revelation about Miss Emily is that she actually used the rat poison to kill Homer, and even more grotesque, she kept his body frozen in time so that he could stay with her forever. We also find a gray hair from Miss Emily, which means that she laid down next to the body in the bed for her own satisfaction. This is related to the overall meaning of the story because it shows how Miss Emily was determined to live life and have things the way she wanted them, and she didn’t care that the times were changing or that her actions were socially unacceptable. She lived the rest of her life devoted to the traditional ways of the south, and did not want to accept any changes.

Three Es of Sustainable Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Three Es of Sustainable Marketing - Essay Example This essay discusses that the company organizes its internal and external processes in a way that helps it to maintain value for its stakeholders. Internal process includes the management of resources and external process includes activities of the firm that is suitable for the environment. Stakeholder includes people which are directly or indirectly connected with the organization like owner, employees, shareholders and value chain partners etc. This method is known as Sustainable Marketing. Companies who want to establish and maintain its value and have clearly defined goals related to its activities and its effect not only on their economical condition but also on the people around and environment in which they operate. Importance of Sustainable Marketing can be understood by the company when they start realizing that they are dealing with finite resources, so they have some responsibilities towards its existing and potential stakeholders, and by focusing on fulfilling its respons ibilities they can gain benefit for short as well as long term. Thompson, explained the different methods or thoughts of sustainable marketing, any resource that is lacking can be a problem, as a valuable way of learning to perform, and problems related to moral values and integrity. Organizations’ marketing can become more sustainable by means of three important strategies, commonly known as three E’s. Following are the ‘E’s of sustainable marketing: ecology; economy and ethnology.... ether the requirements or necessity of its customer through all its aspects, similar to SMO that bring together the objectives and values for sustainability of the firm, and every decision they takes, is always based on its goals for sustainability. Burgerville - A Sustainable Organization Burgerville, a U.S.A based company with headquarter is in Tacoma, is a fast food chain and a good example to Sustainable Marketing. This company named Burgerville can be considered as a sustainable marketing company, their strategy of marketing is based on sustainable marketing, and this is the main factor to consider. This fast food restaurant's marketing strategy is based on the promise of development, contribution in the betterment of the location where they are placed, plus decreasing their negative environmental affects, as well as for profitability and growth of the corporation. Burgerville's main factor of attention is towards its value chain process, they try to deal with the producers clos ely to domestically source, to maximize efficiency (Needham 2009). Burgerville is trying to utilize wind power efficiently, and to recycle their waste to minimize wastage of their material. Their waste diversion program is a relevant example of Burgerville’s promise for sustainable activities. To manage the large amount of use less cooking oil produced in its store, Burgerville begin a biodiesel production and marketing program with collaborative work with a small local company which was at its start-up stage. Burgerville provides its every employee, safe atmosphere to work and healthcare which is afforded by them, in addition they also have started program to build and improve leadership skills, these all efforts is a part of their internal marketing program. Suggestion for the

World War II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

World War II - Essay Example Unlike the First World War, the Second World War had the issue of and ethnicity as a factor of conflict. This was very apparent in the way Germany and Japan waged their wars. The Germans killed many Jews and people of the Slavic race believing that they were the inferior people and believed they have no place in their realm. The Japanese believed that they were invincible and superior than any other people that they were harsh as conquerors in Asia, and very cruel to Western prisoners. Women played larger roles in society to support the war effort. Most women did tough jobs on factory production. Many women, especially in Russia, directly participated in combat operations as well alongside men. The Second World War ended with the defeat of the Axis powers against the Allied nations. Germany surrendered first when the Soviets took Berlin while Japan surrendered after its two cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were destroyed by the atomic bomb of the United States. The effects of the Second World War in European culture and society were a profound stigma against Nazism and Fascist political thinking. This stigma was particularly evident to the German people who have been given the impression as a people of genocidal

Depression Essay Example for Free

Depression Essay While similar, unipolar depression and bipolar disorder cause different struggles in individuals who have them. Unipolar depression is characterized only by bouts of depression symptoms, while people with bipolar disorder experience the same symptoms in combination with cycles of mania. There are many biological and psychological theories of the causes of unipolar depression, but bipolar disorder has for the most part been studied biologically. Finally, unipolar depression can be treated with medication, therapy, or a combination of both, but bipolar disorder cannot be successfully be treated with psychotherapy alone. Unipolar depression has many possible underlying causes. First, stressful events often occur before an individual experiences unipolar depression. Biological factors include genetics, biochemical factors, brain anatomy, and brain circuits. Upon examination of the family tree of individuals who suffer from unipolar disorder, researchers found that up to 20% of their family struggled with it as well in comparison to 10% of the general population, showing a genetic relationship. Twin studies have shown a 46% incidence of unipolar depression in an identical twin whose sibling suffered from unipolar depression, and only a 20% incidence in fraternal twins, and several genes have been associated with the occurrence of the disorder. The first biochemical factor playing a part in unipolar depression is low activity of the neurotransmitter chemicals norepinephrine and serotonin. Overproduction of the hormone cortisol, normally produced during stressful situations, has also been linked to unipolar depression, along with some tentative theories about chemical deficiencies within neurons. The brain anatomy factors beginning to be seen as influencing unipolar depression are the dysfunction of brain circuits involving the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and Brodmann Area 25. First of the psychological factors influencing unipolar depression is that influenced by Freud and Abraham: it occurs when relationships leave an individual feeling unsafe and insecure. Next, the dwindling of positive rewards in life may reduce constructive behaviors, causing a circle that may be a factor in unipolar depression. Third, viewing events in negative ways may lead to having this disorder. Finally, gender, cultural, and ethnic background may also play a part in the development of unipolar depression. Much of the research into the causes for bipolar disorder is biological. Low serotonin combined with low norepinephrine is thought to cause unipolar depression, but low serotonin and norepinephrine over activity has been linked to bipolar disorder. Transportation of ions in the brain happening too quickly and slowly is theorized to cause depression and mania, and abnormal brain structures such as a small basal ganglia or cerebellum has been connected to bipolar disorder. Finally, family pedigree and genetic linkage studies have shown a relationship between genetics and a predisposition to developing bipolar disorder. Unipolar depression and bipolar disorder are both mood disorders, however individuals suffering from them exhibit different symptoms. Unipolar depression is when an individual only suffers from depression, and they return to a nearly normal mood when it lifts. Symptoms can range from moderate to severe, although the moderate symptoms may still not allow the individual to experience much pleasure. Crying spells often result from unipolar depression because of the feelings of being miserable, empty, and humiliated. Sense of humor reduces and it becomes difficult to experience pleasure, sometimes becoming incapable of experiencing pleasure at all. Unipolar depression can also cause anxiety, anger, and agitation. Motivational symptoms include lack of desire to complete everyday tasks, and a reduced interest in life and desire to commit suicide are common. Depressed people may additionally become less active and productive, stay in bed, speak more slowly, spend more time alone, and hold extremely negative views of themselves. Unipolar depression can cause physical symptoms, the most common being a reduction of appetite and sleep. Those with bipolar disorder experience the same symptoms as unipolar depression during their depressive periods, but also experience manic periods bring a whole new set of symptoms. The first symptom of mania is having feelings that are not proportional to the triggering event. Next, manic episodes bring about a need for excitement. Many projects may get started with little of them finished, and there is no awareness of the overwhelming nature of social style. Behavior during a manic episode often involves quick movements, loud speech, and odd behavior such as giving money to strangers or getting involved in dangerous activities. Finally, mania also causes poor judgment and planning, inflated self-esteem, and extreme energy. Biological treatments for unipolar depression include electroconvulsive therapy, or ECT, antidepressant drugs, and brain stimulation. ECT delivers volts of electricity through the brain, causing brain seizures that can be therapeutic. MAO inhibitors are an example of antidepressant drugs used to treat unipolar depression; they block the breakdown of norepinephrine, increasing its activity and reducing symptoms. Tricyclics block the neuron reuptake process, increasing neurotransmitter activity, and SSRI’s can increase serotonin and norepinephrine activity. Vagus nerve stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and deep brain stimulation are all brain stimulation techniques also used to treat unipolar depression. Psychodynamic treatments for unipolar depression include various methods of free association, and behavior treatments add pleasurable activities to a client’s life, rewards pleasurable events, and trains clients in social skills. Cognitive treatment is a cognitive-behavioral therapy, using behavioral methods in combination with trying to change negative thinking. Finally, sociocultural treatments include interpersonal therapy, couple therapy, and cultural-sensitive approaches. Treatment for bipolar disorder includes the use of lithium, other mood stabilizers, and adjunctive psychotherapy. Lithium and other mood stabilizers are more effective in treating manic episodes, though they also treat depressive episodes. However, exactly how they work is not fully known. Antidepressants can be used in combination with the mood stabilizers, but there is â€Å"an unfavorable cost/benefit ratio for antidepressant treatment of bipolar depression† when used alone. (S, Rosenquist, Ko, Baldassano, 2004). Psychotherapy is used in addition to mood stabilizing medication to increase the likelihood of their success, but it is rarely effective as a treatment on its own. In conclusion, bipolar disorder is like an extended version of unipolar depression, as those with bipolar disorder experience depressive symptoms in addition to their episodes of manic symptoms. There is not one blanket cause for either disorder; rather each individual case must be evaluated separately and receive its own treatment plan. Unipolar depression has more treatment options because therapy or medication is not always required, but a combination of medication and therapy is usually most successful in treating both bipolar disorder and unipolar depression.

Electoral College vs Direct Popular Vote Essay -- American Government,

The current process of electing the President of the United States through the Electoral College system should not be changed because the Electoral College system is superior in comparison to other comprehensive voting systems. Systems like direct popular vote or the national popular vote may work in democracies; however the United States is a federal republic. While allowing large metropolises and large states to be represented in a manner consistent with their size, the Electoral College has the exceptional attribute of allowing small states and rural areas to still maintain influence in the government. Allowing the entire nation to decide the direction of our government ensures candidates appeal to the majority of the nation, not just a handful of populous centers. This leads to more moderate policies and a protection of minority rights. Problems in elections such as fraud and recounts, are very disruptive in systems such as popular vote, but are minimized in the Electoral College system because these problems are limited to individual states allowing for a national review of such localized problems. Finally, the Electoral College incentivizes policy makers and parties to continually try to win in states that have opposed them in recent elections, ensuring long term policy that addresses needs of the populous quickly. Overall, the Electoral College’s benefits make it the superior system to elect the President, and for that reason it should not be changed. Smaller and particularly rural states are protected by the Electoral College. The number of votes a state is allocated in the Electoral College is determined by adding the number of United States Representatives and Senators a state sends to congress. This means each state ... ...ure, and prosperous nation in the world. Large states and cities are represented with consideration for their size, smaller and rural states given a base minimum representation to protect their intrinsic interests. Moderate and nationally inclusive policies are incentivized, and minority coalitions that foster compromise are encouraged. Fraud and recounts are minimized in relation to other voting systems, and mechanisms to deal with such issues promptly exist in the Electoral College. Finally, all states that need concrete policy change and attention receive it with the Electoral College. When asked what kind of government the United States had, Dr. Benjamin Franklin said â€Å"A republic, if you can keep it.† The Founding Father’s understood the benefits of the Electoral College which have since been validated; therefore the Electoral College should remain in place.

How Does Perception Affect The Organizational Process Education Essay

What is perceptual experiencePaul Rookes and Jane Willson explain perceptual experience and perceptual procedures in a manner that about anyone can understand. The survey of perceptual experience, or how the encephalon processes information from the senses, has fascinated psychologists and philosophers for a long clip. Perception takes the cardinal research countries and presents the statements and findings in a clear, concise signifier, enabling the reader to hold a speedy working cognition of the country. This clear and enlightening text discusses esthesis and perceptual experience so looks at theories and accounts of perceptual experience. The manner ocular perceptual experience is structured is examined, followed by an analysis of the development of perceptual procedures. The writers so see single societal and cultural fluctuations in perceptual organisation. Perception will be peculiarly utile to pupils new to higher-level survey. With its helpful text edition characteristics to help in scrutiny and larning techniques, it should involvement all introductory psychological science pupils. Mention: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.infibeam.com/Books/info/Paul-Rookes/Perception-Theory-Development-and-Organisation/0415190932.html # newUsedBooksPerceptDefinition from webPercept in psychological science, mental organisation and reading of centripetal information. TheA gestaltA psychologists studied extensively the ways in which people organize and select from the huge array of stimulation that are presented to them, concentrating peculiarly on ocular stimulation. Percept is influenced by a assortment of factors, including the strength and physical dimensions of the stimulation ; such activities of the sense organs as effects of predating stimulation ; the topic ‘s past experience ; attending factors such as preparedness to react to a stimulation ; and motive and emotional province of the topic. Stimulus elements in ocular organisation signifier perceived forms harmonizing to their closeness to each other, their similarity, the inclination for the topic to comprehen d complete figures, and the ability of the topic to separate of import figures from background. Perceptual stability is the inclination of a topic to construe one object in the same mode, irrespective of such fluctuations as distance, angle of sight, or brightness. Through selective attending, the topic focuses on a limited figure of stimulations, and ignores those that are considered less of import. Depth perceptual experience, considered to be innate in most animate beings, is produced by a assortment of ocular cues bespeaking position, and by a little disparity in the images of an object on the two retinas. An absolute threshold is the minimum physical strength of a stimulation that a topic can usually comprehend, whereas a difference threshold is the minimum sum of alteration in a stimulation that can be consciously detected by the topic. Recent surveies have shown that stimulations are really perceived in the encephalon, while centripetal variety meats simply gather the signals . William Dobelle ‘s research, for case, has offered important hope for the blind. Mention: hypertext transfer protocol: //encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Perception+ ( psychological science ) Visting day of the month on this nexus is: 18-9-2010.PerceptPercept is the procedure of which we use to organisms interpret and organize esthesis to bring forth a meaningful and utile experience of the universe. Sensation normally refers to the immediate, comparatively unrefined consequence of stimulation of centripetal receptors in the eyes or ears, nose or lingua or tegument. Perception, on the other manus, better describes one ‘s ultimate experience of the universe and typically involves farther processing of centripetal input. In the existent term, esthesis and perceptual experience are virtually non possible to divide, because they are portion of one uninterrupted procedure. Therefore, perceptual experience in worlds describes the procedure whereby centripetal being to move is translated into organized experience. That experience, or percept, is the joint merchandise of the stimulation and of the procedure itself. Relations found between assorted types of stimulation and their associated percepts suggest illations that can be made about the belongingss of the perceptual procedure ; theories of comprehending so can be developed on the footing of these illations. The ground is that the perceptual procedure is non itself public or straight discernible ( except to the percipient himself, whose percepts are given straight in experience ) , the cogency of the perceptual theories can be checked merely indirectly. Historically, systematic idea about perceiving was the state of doctrine. Philosophic involvement in perceptual experience stems mostly from inquiries about the beginnings and cogency of what is called human cognition. Epistemologists ask whether a existent, physical universe exists independently of human experience and, if so, how its belongingss can be learned and how the truth or truth of that experience can be determined. They besides ask whether there are unconditioned thoughts or whether all experience originates through contact with the physical universe, mediated by the sense organs. As a scientific endeavor, nevertheless, the probe of perceptual experience has particularly developed as portion of the larger subject of psychological science. For the most portion, psychological science bypasses the inquiries about comprehending raised by doctrine in favour of jobs that can be handled by its particular methods. The leftovers of such philosophical inquiries, nevertheless, do remain ; research workers are still concerned, for illustration, with the comparative parts of innate and learned factors to the perceptual procedure. Such cardinal philosophical averments as the being of the physical universe, nevertheless, they are taken for granted among most scientific pupils of comprehending. Typically, research workers in perceptual experience merely accept the evident physical universe peculiarly as it is described in the given subdivisions of natural philosophies concerned with the electromagnetic energy and optics and mechanics.The Role of PerceptionAs we grow in our life and mature into what some would see the grownups, we are told to do the sure we know about our environment and do certain to â€Å" make unto others as you would hold done to you † . In order to make this, you have to hold a degree of perceptual experience in which you are able to see things in ways that others may or may non. How do you see perceptual experience? Harmonizing to Kendra Van Wagner ( UNK ) , â€Å" Percept is our centripetal experience of the universe around us and involves both the acknowledgment of environmental stimulations and actions in response to these stimulations. Through the perceptual procedure, we gain information about belongingss and elements of the environment that are critical to our in the universe endurance. Percept non merely creates our experience of the existent universe around us ; it allows us to move within our environment that is around us. † That being said, how does that use to mundane life and how does that impact the positions of those around you on you? The best manner to near this is easy to happen the most effectual ways to see perceptual experience. Three facets can change or act upon how things are viewed. One of them is the universe as a whole. What is meant to state that â€Å" the universe † is to state how the universe is viewed in existent, no affair what it is that you look in the universe. Everything has a their ain position and sentiment from everyone who sees it, from the hapless peoples and homeless peoples to the rich peoples. Every individual has an sentiment on why the homeless are stateless and why the rich are rich. What portion of the graduated table do you fall on? Are you the type that says that the homeless are stateless because of bad fortune and difficult times? Do you tilt the other manner and believe that the homeless are homeless because they are lazy and merit nil more than what they have? â€Å" Of the estimated 1.3 billion people populating in poorness around the universe, 70 per centum are adu lt females and misss. Womans and misss are besides increasing as fastest group of impoverished those are destroyed financially, this is a procedure we called â€Å" the planetary feminisation†¦Sensation V. PerceptOften confusion arises over the relationship between esthesis and perceptual experience. Behavioral theoreticians believe that persons interpret state of affairss based upon their senses and stimulation and that this was how they gained cognition of the universe. Persons use their centripetal variety meats to feel — for case, eyes to see, ears to hear, skin to experience, intrude to smell, and lingua to gustatory sensation. Therefore, esthesis is the basic behaviour of persons caused by their physiological maps. Percept, on the other manus, involves people ‘s assimilation of natural informations through their senses, after which they organize and modify the information with the aid of cognitive thought to organize a consistent image of the state of affairs. The perceptual procedure of persons base on ballss through several sub-processes. They are stimulus or state of affairs, enrollment, reading, feedback, behaviour, and effect. Stimulus or state of affairs is the first sub-process in the procedure of perceptual experience. Here people are confronted with an external or internal stimulation. As a consequence, they might see an immediate animal stimulation or the confrontation may take topographic point with the full physical and socio-cultural environment. In Registration, the persons record in their heads the stimulation they have received from the environment. Physiological mechanisms such as hearing, hearing, etc. play an active function in the perceptual experience of persons. During Interpretation, people analyze the stimulation they have received. It is a cognitive procedure that is influenced by larning, motive, and personality. Feedback is the response persons receive from the stimulation i.e. environmental state of affairss. Feedback has an impact on the perceptual experience of persons. For case, if employees receive grasp from the director for their work, so they perceive that the director is satisfied with their public presentation. Registration, reading, and feedback occur within a individual and are in response to a given stimulation from the external environment. These sub-processes lead to a certain behaviour by the person, which once more leads to a certain effect.How Does Perception Affect The Organizational Process?Percept affects the things we experience in our day-to-day lives excessively so of class it has an impact on the organisational procedure besides. Percept is fundamentally what the peoples think of something, person, a state of affairs etc. Our thought might be our believing ain or it might be the consequence of what person else thinks of a peculiar state of affairs in a peculiar clip. The ground of the perceptual experience affects the organisational procedure is because if the employees can non comprehend the given end or the purpose of the organisation decently so they might non be working towards it and if they are non working towards it so that organisation faces a spread between what is required of the people and what is really being done by them. I hope you have heard of the about the â€Å" alteration procedure † that happens often in organisations. If suppose that procedure is being implemented so it ‘s really of import for the employees to cognize what the organisation is traveling to travel through and what is traveling to go on after the procedure of the given state of affairs. If their perceptual experience is non clear about it so they might defy the alteration a batch which is n't good for the company. The employees perceptual experience can assist the company ‘s organisational procedure run smoother or go hard in a clip.Article Abstraction:Learning organisation construct is defined and the transformational procedures involved are explored. The four stairss of organisational acquisition rhythm, information coevals, integrating, reading, and action are studied.ARTICLEABSTRACT:A learning organisation is one that invariably improves through the rapid development and sweetening of capablenesss required for success in the hereafter. Companies trying to go continual scholars should travel beyond merely developing and developing employees. Learning should be incorporated into every activity of the organisation to supply the best merchandises to its clients. The typical acquisition organisation has five elements: a leader with a chiseled vision, a elaborate and quantifiable action program, the speedy distribution of information, ingeniousness, and the ability to implement the program. Examples of companies that can be considered learning organisations include Corning Inc. , Analog Devices Inc. , Boeing Co. and Lear Seating Corp. A Learning Organization Quiz that can be used to determine whether a company is a learning organisation is provided.LearningLearning is a procedure of lasting alteration in a behaviour through experience, direction or with survey. Learning can non be measured it ‘s the procedure of acquiring better end product through acquisition. So we can state that ac quisition is a lasting alteration in a behaviour of persons. â€Å" The different course of study criterions reveal a common the spirit. Over and over once more these professional organisations Reprimand traditional theoretical accounts of instruction for stressing memorisation, and condemn their push to cover content at the disbursal of deep conceptual apprehension. Alternatively, the studies respect acquisition as the active, purposive building of significance. All emphasize in-depth acquisition ; larning oriented to job resolution and determination devising ; larning embedded in real-life undertakings and activities for thought and communication, and larning that physiques on pupils ‘ anterior cognition and experiences. Execution of the new criterions in schools would assist to develop pupils who are successful learners-learners who are knowing, self-determined, strategic, and empathic. By concentrating on nucleus constructs and handling them in deepness, pupils get a steadfast conceptual base for forming the content they learn into coherent cognition constructions. By stressing the connexion to their ain experiences and attitudes, the guidelines, when implemented, would formalize pupils ‘ experiences and enable them to go competent ‘knowledge workers ‘ in the assorted subjects. By unifying procedure and content, pupils learn the schemes they need to get, bring forth, usage, and communicate cognition. And, eventually, by looking at the capable countries from multiple personal, cultural, and historical positions, pupils develop empathy for the experiences, feelings, and universe positions of others. The new definition of larning can function as the model for reconstituting a course of study. By utilizing a new school-based definition of acquisition, drawn from the research-based definition of acquisition, all members of a school community and its broader community can develop a common linguistic communication for course of study reform. Sharing this linguistic communication will assist construct a community of persons who have a common model for curricular reform. They will hold a footing for rethinking, as a community, the content and purpose of the course of study. In add-on, all professionals in the school will come to see that the reforms in their ain subjects — whether it be linguistic communication humanistic disciplines, mathematics, scientific discipline, or societal surveies — have a common footing, since all reforms are guided by a common research base and conceptual model for larning. Therefore, they can do curricular alterations as a community, and they besides can hold common land for interdisciplinary attempts. The features of a thought course of study will go portion of the school mission that the school as a whole and its community formulate in coaction. † Mention: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ncrel.org/sdrs/areas/issues/content/cntareas/science/sc4anew.htmIntroduction: –AA Learning OrganizationA is the term given to a company that facilitates the acquisition of its members and continuously transforms itself. Learning Organizations develop as a consequence of the force per unit areas confronting modern organisations and enables them to stay competitory in the concern environment. A Learning Organization has five chief characteristics ; systems thought, personal command, mental theoretical accounts, shared vision and squad acquisition Learning organisations are organisations where people continually expand their capacity to make the consequences they genuinely desire, where new and expansive forms of thought are nurtured, where corporate aspiration is set free, and where people are continually larning to see the whole together. ( Senge 1990: 3 ) The Learning Company is a vision of what might be possible. It is non brought approximately merely by developing persons ; it can merely go on as a consequence of acquisition at the whole organisation degree. Learning Company is an organisation that facilitates the acquisition of all its members and continuously transforms itself. ( Peddler et. Al. 1991: 1 ) Learning organisations are characterized by entire employee engagement in a procedure of collaboratively conducted, jointly accountable alteration directed towards shared values or rules. ( Watkins and Mar ill 1992: 118 )Learning OrganizationLearning is the power of growing, and single acquisition is the resource of concern growing. Based on the organisation metaphor in organisation theory, Sense ( 1990 ) introduced larning organisation theory. The academic definition of the learning organisation covers single, group, and organisational acquisition with the attempt for organisational and single acquisition. It is a type of corporate activity to make the organisation ‘s shared vision. Many books have been published about the learning organisation and many research documents have presented the impact of assorted variables on larning organisations. Four types of organisational civilizations: – Competitive Culture in a organisation Learning Culture in a organisation Bureaucratic Culture in a organisation Participative Culture in a organisationThe Conceptual FrameworkOrganizational Culture Learning Organizationaˆ? Bureaucratic Culture aˆ? Personal Mastery aˆ? Competitive Culture aˆ? Mental Models aˆ? Participative Culture aˆ? Shared Vision aˆ? Learning Culture aˆ? Systemic Thinking aˆ? Team Learning Bureaucratic civilization ; – that type of civilization of organisational civilization characterized by low environmental version and low internal integrating. Competitive civilization: – A type of organisational where civilization characterized by high Environmental version and low internal integrating. There is a competition between the organisations environment adaptation is high and low internal integrating. Participative civilization: – A type of organisational civilization characterized by low Environmental version and high internal integrating. Learning civilization: – A type of organisational civilization characterized by high environment adaptation and high internal integrating. Emergence of Learning Organizations The new species and engineering of organisations is called a acquisition organisation, and it increase the capableness to: The act in a clip adapt more readily to environmental impacts. Move faster to the development of new merchandises, procedures, and services. Become more adept at larning from rivals and confederates with the aid of practical accomplishments SpeedA up the advancement of the transportation of cognition from one portion of the organisation to another portion of the organisation. Learn more efficaciously from its errors in a learning organisation. Make greater organisational usage of employees at the all degrees of the organisation. Short clip of period required to implement strategic alterations. To develop uninterrupted betterment in all countries of the organisation. Organizations that learn More rapidly will be able to accommodate accomplished quickly and without hold and thereby accomplish important strategic advantages. There are four major countries, which have changed deeply over the last old ages: 1. Economic environment, societal environment and scientific environment. Globalization. Economic and marketing competition of organisations. Environmental stop ecological force per unit areas of organisations. new scientific disciplines of The subdivision of natural philosophies based on quantumA theory and pandemonium theory ( understanding of quantum natural philosophies means that one can non foretell with absolute certainty, that pandemonium is a portion of the world ) Knowledge of the today ‘s environment ( cognition that exists in an organisation is the amount of everything and everybody in your company knows that gives you a competitory border. The greatest challenge is to make an organisation that can redistribute its cognition. ) Social Instability in the workplace environment Information engineering and the in unformatted organisation ( Unformatted organisations are able to instantly get information that can be used to acquire a occupation done, bring forth new information as a byproduct, and develop new information ) Structure of organisation and size of organisation: Key resource of the concern is non capital, or forces, or installations, but instead cognition, and information, and thoughts. Another signifier of restructuring is a practical organisation, a impermanent web of independent companies, providers, clients, and even challengers linked by information engineering to portion their accomplishments, costs, and entree to one another ‘s markets. Three other emerging direction theories deriving popularity is reengineering nucleus competences and organisational architecture. Quality direction motion ( Competitive advantage comes from the uninterrupted, incremental invention and polish of a assortment of thoughts that spread throughout the organisation. Workforce diverseness and mobility Boom in impermanent aid 3. The client outlooks ( cost, quality, clip, service, invention, and customization ) 4. Workers ( Those who make steady advancement will hold job identifier accomplishments, job work outing accomplishments and strategic agent accomplishments. Corporations depend on the specialised cognition of their employees. Knowledge workers do, in fact, own the agencies of production and they can take it out of the door with them at any minute. ) The Systems-Lined Organization Model A consistently define larning organisation is an organisation which learns strongly and jointly and is continually transforming itself to better roll up, manage, and usage cognition for corporate success. It empowers people within and outside the company to larn as they work. Organizational larning refers to how organisational acquisition occurs, the accomplishments and procedures of edifice and utilizing cognition. There are a figure of dimensions of a learning organisation: Learning is accomplished by the organizational system as a whole. Organizational members recognise the importance of ongoing administration broad acquisition. Learning is a uninterrupted, strategically used procedure – integrated with and running parallel to work. There is a focal point on creativeness and productive acquisition. Systems believing is cardinal Peoples have uninterrupted entree to information and information resources. A corporate clime exists that encourages, wagess, and accelerates single and group acquisition. Workers web indoors and outside the administration. Change is embraced, and surprises and even failures are viewed as chances to larn. It is nimble and flexible. Everyone is driven by a desire for quality and uninterrupted betterment. Activities are characterised by aspiration, contemplation, and conceptualization. There are well-developed nucleus competences that serve as a taking-off point for new merchandises and services. It possesses the ability to continuously accommodate, regenerate, and revitalize itself in response to the altering environment. The systems-linked acquisition organisation theoretical account is made up of five closely interconnected subsystems: acquisition, organisation, people, cognition, and engineering. If any subsystem is weak or absent, the effectivity of the other subsystems is significantly weakened. Marquardt discusses each of the subsystems in their ain chapters so I wo n't travel into the inside informations here. Constructing Dynamic Learning through the Organization The acquisition subsystem is composed of three complementary dimensions: 1. Degrees of acquisition ( single, group and organizational ) 2. Types of acquisition ( adaptative acquisition, anticipatory acquisition, deuteron acquisition and active acquisition ) 3. Critical organisational acquisition accomplishments ( systems believing, mental theoretical accounts, personal command, squad acquisition, shared vision, and duologue ) Learning, finally, is a societal phenomenon – our ability to larn and the quality and openness of our relationships find what we can cognize. Our mental theoretical accounts of the universe and of ourselves grow out of our relationships with others. Degrees Learning in organisations can happen at three degrees. Individual acquisition is needed since persons form the units of groups and organisations, or as Senge asserts â€Å" organisations learn merely through persons who learn † . The factors that can lend to single acquisition in the organisation include: Individual and corporate answerability for larning Locus and focal point of single acquisition ( larning should hold immediate application to the occupation. ) Accelerated larning techniques. Personal development program ( people recognize that employers can non vouch them womb-to-tomb employment but that they can help them in accomplishing womb-to-tomb employability. There should be a partnership between the organisation and the employee to help in the long-run calling Development. ) Abundant chances available for professional development Individual acquisition linked to organisational acquisition in an explicit and structured manner. Group/team acquisition means that work squads must be able to believe and make and larn as an entity. They must larn how to break create and gaining control acquisition ( larning to larn ) . A successful squad larning system ensures that squads portion their experiences with other groups in the organisation. Team acquisition will happen more to the full if squads are rewarded for the acquisition they contribute to the organisation. Marquardt uses Watkins and Mar sick ‘s squad acquisition theoretical account that shows the larning organisation as the brotherhood of persons and organisation. The key is the convergence, Which is where teams map? Discipline of Team Learning The subject of squad acquisition begins with duologue that allows the members to suspend their premises, engage in free-flowing communicating to detect penetrations non come-at-able separately, and acknowledge the forms of interaction in squads that undermine larning. Forms of defensiveness frequently are profoundly engrained in squad operations. Unrecognized or unacknowledged forms undermine acquisition, but if they are recognized and allowed to come up creatively, they can speed up acquisition. Types There are four types in which organisations learn: 1. Adaptive acquisition occurs when an person or organisation learns from experience and contemplation: action? Outcome? consequences day of the month? Reflection. Adaptive acquisition may be either single-loop ( focused on deriving information to stabilise and keep bing systems ) or dual cringle ( oppugning the system itself and why the mistakes or successes occurred in the first topographic point ) . 2. Anticipatory larning arises when an organisation learns from anticipating the hereafter: vision? Reflection? action attack. 3. Deuteron acquisition occurs when the organisation learns from critically reflecting upon its taken for given premises. 4. Active larning involves ( a group/team ) working on existent jobs, concentrating on the acquisition acquired, and really implementing solutions. Skills Marquardt has added Dialogue to the five critical organizational acquisition accomplishments identified by Peter Senge: 1. Systems thought: â€Å" A model for seeing interrelatednesss instead than additive cause-effect ironss, for seeing implicit in constructions instead than events, for seeing forms of alteration instead than snapshots. † Changes in one portion of the organisation can impact other parts with surprising effects. 2. Mental theoretical accounts: An image or position of an event, state of affairs, activity or construct 3. Personal command: A particular degree of proficiency that is committed to continually better and hone accomplishments, a subject of continually clear uping and intensifying one ‘s personal vision, energies, and forbearance. 4. Team acquisition: The procedure of alining and developing the capacity of a squad to make the acquisition and consequences that its members seek. The squad involved must larn to tap the potency of many heads to go more intelligent than one head. 5. Shared vision: Provides a focal point, way and energy for the members of an organisation. And acquisition is a manner of endeavoring to carry through that vision. 6. Dialogue: promotes roll uping thought and communicating. Top 10 schemes to construct larning subsystems: 1. Develop action larning plans throughout the organisation ( clip and attempt! ) 2. Increase persons ‘ ability to larn how to larn 3. Develop the subject of duologue in the organisation 4. Develop calling development programs for employability 5. Establish self-development hard currency plans 6. Construct team-learning accomplishments 7. Encourage and pattern systems believing 8. Use scanning and scenario planning for anticipatory acquisition 9. Encourage/Expand diverseness, multicultural and planetary mentalities and propensities 10. Change the mental theoretical account relation to larning ( most people retain a negative image of acquisition, one acquired in their school yearss ) .

Should Richard M. Nixon visit Red China?

That is an interesting question to which one could offer many good reasons to both sides of the argument. However, to fully examine the decision made, one would have to look at many of the background information surrounding the voyage. This includes; Nixon's popularity with America as well as the Vietnam War, which at that time had yet to be resolved, America's relationship with the Soviet Union, America's relationship with Taiwan and the Republic of China, the relationship between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China, America's past relations with China as well as their distrust on Communism, and China's relationship with the world. After studying each of these, one can form a decision of whether Nixon should or should not go to Red China. Richard Nixon was an extremely unpopular president. This was primarily due to the war in Vietnam that he didn't even get America into. However, while he was not the one who got America into Vietnam he had the important job of getting America out, a task, which would take him four years, four years of discontent in America. Nixon had decided to invade Cambodia, which had been completely off-limits, however the Communist troops had been using it as a rest area and supply base1. While the invasion itself was a successful operation it caused havoc back in the United States. As demonstrated when 100,000 protesters showed up in Washington D. C. to demonstrate their anger with the decision of invasion2. Nixon's policy of â€Å"Vietnamization†3, which included training Vietnamese soldiers to replace American soldiers, worked well and by 1971 has sent many American troops back to the United States. At the same time Nixon also had his right-hand man Henry Kissinger in secret discussion with North Vietnamese forces, discussing peace negotiations. America and North Vietnam reached a ceasefire agreement on January 27, 1973, which officially withdrew Americans from Vietnam and allowed them to achieve â€Å"peace with honor†4. The war itself however, did not end until April 29, 1975. This war had a large effect on Nixon's decision to visit Red China as China had been supporting the Communist North Vietnam forces throughout the war, while America had been in Vietnams fighting against them, supporting the Southern side. This created another time for Americans to show their dislike and distrust of Communism. However, China was a powerful country and if America could make good relations with them it would help to keep negotiations strong between the North Vietnam and America. Therefore, the war in Vietnam was an important thing to consider when deciding whether Nixon should visit the Communist, Red China. America had not always had a very strong relationship with the Soviet Union. Two of the world superpowers had been at constant fear of attack by each other during the Cold War. This Cold War came about for many reasons, two being, Truman's desire to stop the spread of communism5, and the atomic weapons that each country had. However, the most important factor that created this Cold War was fear. Each country had large, irrational fears of the other, the Americans feared another dictator trying to take over the world, and the Soviets feared a powerful invader6. The Americans had a monopoly on the atomic weapons, and weren't sharing their secrets; this alarmed the Soviets and prompted them to make atomic weapons of their own. Each country was unsure of what the other had, thus creating the constant suspicion. Also feeding this fear was propaganda that each country used. In America politicians were constantly telling the American public about the terrors of Communists and how everyone was in danger because of the evil Soviet Communists planning an attack7. The Cold War was an important thing for Nixon to consider because it was still going on and America had been expressing hated toward Communists since the beginning. Visiting China would be good though because it could speed up the end of the Cold war that they were stuck in. Also recognizing a Communist country that was so close to the Soviet Union would be handy for intelligence purposes, as they would be closer to the enemy and could get a better idea of what was going on, it could also make the war less between Communism and America and focused on the Soviet Union and America. The relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union eventually did ease up slightly. This started in 1952 when Nikita Kruschev paid a visit to America with talks of â€Å"peaceful coexistence† between the two countries8. At the time that he did this he had begun to see his ally China as more of an enemy than America was9. Also at the time the Soviets had, had recent victory over the Americans with the success of the Sputnik satellite, two years prior to the visit. This visit did not create any drastic change or movements towards peace between the two countries, however it was one good step in the direction towards â€Å"peaceful coexistence†. This meeting would be a good reason for Nixon to go to China as it shows that two countries that believe and practice completely different forms of government can still meet and recognize one another. He would want to take pointers from this meeting of good things that Kruschev did while visiting America and expand upon those so that his meeting in China would not only be successful but productive as well, something that Kruschev's visit was not. During the Cultural Revolution American aided the Nationalist, Republic of China, by giving them nearly 1 billion dollars worth of weapons and other necessities10. America pressured the Nationalist party, led by Chiang to accept some of Stalin's demands, such as the use of northern ports to expand the Russian economy. By them meeting these demands they were given full Soviet support, and were recognized by both America and the Soviet Union as the only China11. Having Americans helping the Nationalists very much upset the Communist party, and they ceased peace talks. Then Chaing's army completely disregarded some advice given by General Marshall, whom was later made the Secretary of State. When Marshall became the secretary of state he would not allow America to further heavily involve itself with the Cultural Revolution. The Korean War was the first time that American and Communist forces had the opportunity to compete. American forces were helping South Korea from the invading, communist North Korean troops. China had never intended on entering into the war, however when American forces continued to get too close to their border in the intent of taking over North Korea, instead of just helping South Korea in keeping their territory. China had sent out warnings to them, not to get close and so when America got too close, Chou En-lai, the Chinese premier sent out masses of troops, which easily surrounded American and South Korean troops12. Nixon would have wanted to consider this event before going to China because it was another event in which the Americans were fighting against Communism as well as the Chinese. However, it would be good to go to China because then Nixon would be able to show the world that America was not a sore loser, that despite being brutally attacked by the Chinese they were still able to make relations and work towards peace and prosperity together. The People's Republic of China and the Republic of China had a very poor relationship ever since their split after the Cultural Revolution. The ROC got Taiwan as their mainland as well as two small islands, Quemoy and Matsu13. These two islands were very close to the mainland of PRC's China, which was a fact that had always irked Mao. Mao tried to take the islands by force with his military, however unfortunately he was unsuccessful as the ROC had America to support them and Mao had no one as the Soviet Union had not come in time. This was a small event, yet it would be another thing for Nixon to look at. It would be a good thing for America to recognize Red China, as it would be a form of apology for fighting against them previously with their enemy the ROC. It would show that America has realized which China is the true China, which is something that would please Mao and would make him more likely to be open to trade with America. After the Cultural Revolution in China the issue of their seat in the United Nations Security Council arose. After World War two the UN was created and five of the powerful, victorious countries were placed into permanent seats on the Security Council. These were the Soviet Union, France, Great Britain, the United States, and China. When China split the People's Republic felt that they should replace the Republic of China on the Security Council as they now represented China. This did not go over well with the United States, who did not want more Communist countries on the council, also the United States were allies of the Nationalist China. An early solution was dual representation, however Mao refused to sit next to another China, as this gives the idea that there were two Chinas, when he was so adamant that his China was the only one. 14 Albania then proposed to admit the People's Republic of China into the UN, and they were successful in getting the votes. This got Taiwan out of the Security Council and the People's Republic in15. The Americans were unhappy about the results, as they had lost face when everyone voted against Nixon's proposal of dual representation. It would be a good thing for Nixon to go to China and recognize them because it would show that they were still a strong country and that they were ready to move past this one incident. By moving past it they would be able to work together and agree on things, which would be good for both of them to have allies as the more allies a country has the more powerful they become. Americans, had for a long time completely distrusted all things Communist. The American government used propaganda often to portray to the American public how scary and evil Communists are. They were mostly stories that they built off of the Soviet totalitarian system16. They did this propaganda through books, pamphlets, comics, films, and radio throughout the entire Cold War. The American people were forced to believe that China was a part of this world wide Communist conspiracy to overthrow American power and destroy Western Democracy. Movies were a popular way of propaganda, as it could show with full images how bad the Communists were such as â€Å"Red Nightmare: The Commies are Coming†. Movies, such as that one show Communists coming to America and just destroying everything that made America run. Not all the movies made to demonstrate the evil of Communists had to be just about them, in the James Bond movies filmed throughout the Cold War feature Russians as the bad guy and Bond coming to save the day18, this movie was not about Communism, it just found a very subtle way to further demonstrate that Communists are bad. Since all the propaganda was fed by the government, Nixon visiting China, a Communist country would be a good first step into changing the views of the American people towards Communists. While America would not need to switch and become a pro-Communism country they could start to settle the dispute against Communist countries. If America could make alliances with a powerful Communist country that could make other Communist countries like them. The United States and the Republic of China had, had amicable past relations. America had traded with the Republic of China, mostly weapons for years and continued to do so after their split from the Mainland China. The United States really helped Taiwan get started shortly after it formed it's own China. They did this through enforcing it's military so that in the event of an attack by the People's Republic of China, they would be well protected. They also traded with them so that their economy could get going and perhaps gain them some relationships with other countries in the world. This relationship between Taiwan and the United States is something that Nixon would have wanted to consider before going over to the People's Republic of China. This is because Mao was still completely refusing to speak the Republic of China, because he hated the idea of Two Chinas. In Taiwan they refused to talk to he People's Republic until they were no longer a Communist country. By going to Red China Nixon would not necessarily be apologizing to Mao and Chou En-lai about what happened in the past, but would rather be moving on and working towards an alliance, with which they can help each other in becoming even more powerful. In conclusion, America should recognize the People's Republic of China. The decision would have taken a lot of consideration but all the good things that would come out of the decision would heavily out-weigh anything negative. Visiting Red China would be a big step in the right direction and would help out the United States in many ways. So despite the American hated for all things Communist an official visit to Communist China would be a very good thing to do.

A Hyphenation Quiz

A Hyphenation Quiz A Hyphenation Quiz A Hyphenation Quiz By Mark Nichol Yes, I hype correct hyphenation, but proper treatment of the little line enables clear communication, so on this site, I repeatedly attach importance to the attachment tool. In the following sentences, excessive or insufficient use of hyphens clouds rather than clarifies. Correct the connective calamities below, then check my answer key at the bottom of the page: 1. â€Å"The program offers student-directed and student-initiated research- and discovery-based learning opportunities.† 2. â€Å"The plan includes accidental death and dismemberment coverage.† 3. â€Å"The businessman-turned-candidate spoke about his religious beliefs.† 4. â€Å"Maybe the country just doesn’t want a my way or the highway Texan in the White House again.† 5. â€Å"Travel to near-space in a 400-foot diameter balloon.† 6. â€Å"He all-but-lectured the lawmakers assembled.† 7. â€Å"The rainbow flag flew at half-staff to honor Elizabeth Taylor, the Hollywood-star-and icon to gays who died in March.† Answers 1. This hyphen-saturated sentence, though technically correct (though to be fair but awkward, the second mention of the word student should be elided), reads better when it is relaxed: â€Å"The program, based on research and discovery, allows students to direct and initiate their own learning opportunities.† â€Å"Student-directed and -initiated† and â€Å"research- and discovery-based† are proper examples of suspensive hyphenation, but the double-suspension string â€Å"student-directed and (student)-initiated research- and discovery-based† is excessive. 2. As written, this sentence implies that the coverage is accidental. But the coverage presumably protects against two possibilities: accidental death, and dismemberment, so the phrase â€Å"accidental death† should be hyphenated to signal that the constituent words combine to modify coverage, and because the insurance also applies to nondeliberate dismemberment, that word should be preceded by a suspended hyphenation. However, because no insurance company hyphenates this phrase in its literature, I’m inclined to request, as in the previous example, at least a relaxed rewrite that obviates hyphenation: â€Å"The plan includes coverage in case of accidental death and dismemberment.† 3. When the verb turned stands between a word describing a former state and one referring to a current state, unlike as is the case with the similarly employed conjunction cum (â€Å"with†), no hyphenation is necessary: â€Å"The businessman turned candidate spoke about his religious beliefs.† 4. The word string defining what kind of Texan the subject is must be corralled into one group, either with quotation marks that imply that the sentiment is literally or figuratively stated, or with multiple hyphens: â€Å"Maybe the country just doesn’t want a my-way-or-the-highway Texan in the White House again.† 5. This sentence manages two hyphenation errors within its ten-word length. Near is often erroneously attached to the following noun; hyphenation is correct only when near and the following word form a phrasal adjective modifying a third term, as in â€Å"near-space tourist travel† (where the open compound â€Å"tourist travel† is an noun phrase). Also, the half-hearted hyphenation that follows implies the existence of an odd item referred to as a diameter balloon; this one apparently has 400 five-toed appendages. The phrase should be revised to correctly reflect that the balloon is 400 feet in diameter: â€Å"Travel to near space in a 400-foot-diameter balloon.† 6. The modifying phrase â€Å"all but† needs not be attached to the verb, nor do the two words in that phrase require connection: â€Å"He all but lectured the lawmakers assembled.† 7. Half-staff, like its synonym half-mast (often erroneously used in nonmaritime contexts), is correctly hyphenated. The hyphenation error occurs later in the sentence, when the writer, confused about how to construct the gloss of Elizabeth Taylor, loses steam near the end. The phrase â€Å"Hollywood star and icon to gays,† however, requires no connective tissue: â€Å"The rainbow flag flew at half-staff to honor Elizabeth Taylor, the Hollywood star and icon to gays who died in March.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Direct and Indirect ObjectsAcronym vs. InitialismArtist vs. Artisan

Critically evaluate, in relation to the common law duty of care, the Essay - 7

Critically evaluate, in relation to the common law duty of care, the liability of employers for references. How, if at all, doe - Essay Example Selective provision of reference for former employees could contravene the Equality Act 2010 (the Act) if such an exercise amounts to discrimination. In cases where an employer does not offer a reference, it is bound by a duty of care to the former employee. The duty requires the former employer to exercise reasonable care in the processing of accurate, truthful, clear, and fair references (Sam, 2004). Employers also have a duty to fellow employer. In executing this duty, Austen-Baker (2011) notes that a former employer may offer a detailed or a brief reference; however, the content must contain all the necessary information that leaves no room for speculation. Any employer who fails on this may be liable for negligent misrepresentation of facts (Gergen, 2013). Such an employer may also be vulnerable to tort of deceit charges. Detrimental treatment The Act provides important safeguards against victimisation of an individual who files a case against a former employer or has volunteere d evidence in trial under the statute or filed a claim for violation of the statute (Elder, and Gerdes, 2007). Before the Act was enacted, the English common law had ensured that immunity against whistle-blowers and victims was in place. For instance, the House of Lords verdict in the case of Rhys-Harper v Relaxation Group plc [2003] IRLR 484, directed that employees should be cushioned against victimisation such as an employer’s denial of reference in connection to an earlier engagement. Marson (2013) has pointed out that Section 108 of the statute precisely leaves out issues to do with detrimental treatment where an employer-employee relationship has ended. Even though the motive behind Parliament’s decision to leave out victimisation claims after the end of an employment relationship could be seen as an error, the alleged gap is consistent with placing no duty on an employer to give reference to a former employee. Authorities Various examples of the UK case law have not been consistent on victimization of former employees. In the case of Ono v Akwiku (2012), the Employment Appeal Tribunal (EAT) issued a verdict to the effect that it is legal for ex-employees to file for a claim for detrimental treatment under the Equality Act 2010. The ruling may have been informed by the fact that some employees are victims of unfair dismissal and subsequent victimization. Regardless of the reasoning, the EAT verdict contradicts the outcomes of the case of Rowstock Ltd & another v Jessemey (2013). In the latter case, the EAT held that Mr Rowstock could not be remedied for victimisation, following his receipt of a bad reference from his ex-employer. The claimant had alleged age discrimination as victimisation (Marson, 2013). The EAT's ruling was informed by the literal rule of  §108 of the Act, which could not be construed to arrive at a different meaning (Gergen, 2013). In the case of Ono v Atwiku, the petitioner, a domestic employee filed for a claim again st her ex-employers citing detrimental treatment which happened after the engagement between the two parties had ended. In its decision, as Marson (2013) states, the EAT sought to correct the ruling in Jessemey, by arguing that it would not be proper to bring claims of victimization against the former employer after they had gone separate ways. Legal absurdity In spite of the correction of the ruling on the former case

Analyse three types of economic systems illustrating the problems and Essay

Analyse three types of economic systems illustrating the problems and advantages associated with them - Essay Example The main types of economic systems that have been in use all over the globe are traditional, command and market economic systems. Another type of economic system is the mixed economy that is a blend of pure command and pure market economies. This paper will discuss the traditional, command and market economic systems. The paper will evaluate the problems and advantages that are associated with each of the economic systems discussed. This form of economy is shaped by traditions of the people or societies who practice it. The good and services produced follow certain long-established patterns (McCorkle, & National Council on Economic Education, 2011). Moreover, the manner in which the goods and services are exchanged also follows certain traditions. These forms of economic are rarely dynamic and hence are very predictable. The interests of the community precede personal interests. In most cases, people are expected to come together and work as a community. Personal ownership of property is rare, and if present it is controlled by certain obligations that favor the community over the individual (McCorkle, & National Council on Economic Education, 2011). In the modern world, most countries have stopped using this form of economy. However, it is still evident in communities such as the Australian aborigines who live in the Amazon. This system of economy is mainly based on agricultural activities such as fishing, hunting, and gathering. In most cases, barter trade is used. Such economies have a characteristic of being able to meet the daily needs, but they show little economic progression. An Economic decision must follow the tradition of the community practicing this form of economic system. In this form of economy, distribution of resources is open since it follows customs and traditions that are known by all the people. Production of goods and services is easy since each and everyone understands the role they have to play in